Consumer Health: Are you at risk for hepatitis?

Laurel Kelly | (TNS) Mayo Clinic News Network

Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver. The five main strains of the hepatitis virus are referred to as types A, B, C, D and E. While they all cause liver disease, they differ in geographic prevalence, modes of transmission, severity of illness and prevention methods, according to the World Health Organization.

In the U.S., the most common types of hepatitis are hepatitis A, hepatitis B and hepatitis C.

Hepatitis A

Hepatitis A is highly contagious, spreading through contact with contaminated food or water, or from close contact with an infected person or object. Unlike other types of viral hepatitis, hepatitis A does not cause long-term liver damage, and it doesn’t become chronic.

In rare cases, hepatitis A can cause a sudden loss of liver function, especially in older adults or people with chronic liver diseases. Acute liver failure requires a stay in the hospital for monitoring and treatment. Some people with acute liver failure may need a liver transplant.

Mild cases of hepatitis A don’t require treatment, and most people who are infected recover completely with no permanent liver damage. Practicing good hygiene, including frequent hand-washing, is one of the best ways to protect against hepatitis A.

You’re at increased risk of hepatitis A if you:

— Travel or work in areas of the world where hepatitis A is common.

— Live with another person who has hepatitis A.

— Are a man who has sexual contact with other men.

— Have any type of sexual contact with someone who has hepatitis A.

— Are HIV positive.

— Are homeless.

— Use any type of recreational drugs, not just those that are injected.

The hepatitis A vaccine can prevent infection with the virus. If you’re concerned about your risk of hepatitis A, ask your health care professional if you should be vaccinated.