By Todd Woody | Bloomberg
Extreme heat from California’s climate-driven wildfires is transforming a metal common in soil into an airborne carcinogen that can be inhaled by firefighters and people living downwind of conflagrations, according to first-of-its-kind research.
In a study published Dec. 12 in the journal Nature Communications, Stanford University scientists discovered what they described as widespread and dangerous levels of toxic chromium in areas of Northern California severely burned by wildfires in 2019 and 2020.
“There are vast areas of these metal-rich geologies around the world with landscapes that are ready to burn, such as in Africa, Australia and Canada,” said Scott Fendorf, a professor of earth system science at Stanford University and an author of the paper.
Chromium is relatively ubiquitous: A benign form of the metal called chromium 3 exists in soils derived from chromium-laden rocks found on every continent. But as drought and heat waves prime forests and other wildlands to burn at higher temperatures for longer durations and over larger areas, chromium 3 is emerging as a growing threat.
Australian scientists in 2019 reported that exposing chromium 3 to high temperatures in the laboratory changed the mineral into toxic hexavalent chromium, called chromium 6 (also known as the water contaminant in the 2000 blockbuster Erin Brockovich). The catastrophic wildfires that devastated huge tracts of Northern California in 2019 and 2020 gave the Stanford scientists an opportunity to test whether those lab results would be replicated in nature.
Researcher Alandra Marie Lopez, a Stanford postdoctoral scholar in Earth system science, collected soil and ash from burn sites with chromium-rich soil immediately after the fires were contained. She returned 11 months later for additional sampling. Lopez measured chromium 6 in soil particles small enough to become airborne and found high concentrations of the toxic metal, even after nearly a…
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